City Creek Center in Salt Lake City - Revision history

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	[[es:El Mormonismo y la integridad de la iglesia/City Creek Center Mall en Salt Lake City]]		[[es:El Mormonismo y la integridad de la iglesia/City Creek Center Mall en Salt Lake City]]
	[[pt:Mormonismo e a Integridade da Igreja/City Creek Center Mall em Salt Lake City]]		[[pt:Mormonismo e a Integridade da Igreja/City Creek Center Mall em Salt Lake City]]

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~

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	In early 2003, the Church announced it was purchasing a shopping mall directly south of Temple Square. Because the Church already owned a majority of the land on which the mall was built, this purchase brought the remainder under the Church’s control.<ref>[https://www.deseret.com/2003/3/19/19710627/church-to-buy-crossroads-plaza-mall "Church to buy Crossroads Plaza mall,"] ''Deseret News'', 19 March 2003.</ref> The Church did so with the purpose of revitalizing the are directly south of Temple Square because the Church had a “compelling responsibility to protect the environment of the Salt Lake Temple.”<ref>Gordon B. Hinckley, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2003/04/the-condition-of-the-church?lang=eng “The Condition of the Church,”] April 2003 general conference.</ref>		In early 2003, the Church announced it was purchasing a shopping mall directly south of Temple Square. Because the Church already owned a majority of the land on which the mall was built, this purchase brought the remainder under the Church’s control.<ref>[https://www.deseret.com/2003/3/19/19710627/church-to-buy-crossroads-plaza-mall "Church to buy Crossroads Plaza mall,"] ''Deseret News'', 19 March 2003.</ref> The Church did so with the purpose of revitalizing the are directly south of Temple Square because the Church had a “compelling responsibility to protect the environment of the Salt Lake Temple.”<ref>Gordon B. Hinckley, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2003/04/the-condition-of-the-church?lang=eng “The Condition of the Church,”] April 2003 general conference.</ref>

	After three years of planning, the Church announced a 20-acre development project called City Creek Center to replace the old shopping mall and several other buildings directly south of Temple Square. The project would be a mixed-use development, which included retail, office, and residential space.<ref> [https://www.deseret.com/2006/10/4/19977589/downtown-rebound-lds-church-unveils-plans-for-20-acre-development#john-walker-left-and-mitch-davis-of-united-van-lines-move-fixtures-out-of-the-nations-creations-store-in-the-crossroads-mall-tuesday "Downtown rebound: LDS Church unveils plans for 20-acre development,"] ''Deseret News'', 4 October 2006.</ref> Mixed-use developments had become prominent in real estate development because this type of development “ensures vitality through activity and diversity. It makes areas safer. It also reduces the need to travel, making people less reliant on cars, bringing welcome environmental benefits.”<ref>Department of the Environment, United Kingdom, 24 July 1995, as cited in A. Coupland, ''Reclaiming the City: Mixed Use Development'' (London, E & FN Spon, 1997).</ref> All of these objectives are interests of the Church, especially in the environment around the Salt Lake Temple.		After three years of planning, the Church announced a 20-acre development project called City Creek Center to replace the old shopping mall and several other buildings directly south of Temple Square. The project would be a mixed-use development, which included retail, office, and residential space.<ref>[https://www.deseret.com/2006/10/4/19977589/downtown-rebound-lds-church-unveils-plans-for-20-acre-development#john-walker-left-and-mitch-davis-of-united-van-lines-move-fixtures-out-of-the-nations-creations-store-in-the-crossroads-mall-tuesday "Downtown rebound: LDS Church unveils plans for 20-acre development,"] ''Deseret News'', 4 October 2006.</ref> Mixed-use developments had become prominent in real estate development because this type of development “ensures vitality through activity and diversity. It makes areas safer. It also reduces the need to travel, making people less reliant on cars, bringing welcome environmental benefits.”<ref>Department of the Environment, United Kingdom, 24 July 1995, as cited in A. Coupland, ''Reclaiming the City: Mixed Use Development'' (London, E & FN Spon, 1997).</ref> All of these objectives are interests of the Church, especially in the environment around the Salt Lake Temple.

	==Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?==		==Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?==
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	<blockquote>"Main Street is thriving and it would not be if City Creek Center had not been built," said Jason Mathis, executive director of the Downtown Alliance, representing downtown merchants. "I attribute a lot of downtown's success to City Creek Center's development and the design."</blockquote>		<blockquote>"Main Street is thriving and it would not be if City Creek Center had not been built," said Jason Mathis, executive director of the Downtown Alliance, representing downtown merchants. "I attribute a lot of downtown's success to City Creek Center's development and the design."</blockquote>

	BuildingSaltLake.com<ref>Isaac Riddle, [https://www.buildingsaltlake.com/downtown-growth-numbers/ "City Creek's impact on downtown growth by the numbers,"]BuildingSaltLake.com, 17 March 2017.</ref><blockquote>“According to data from the Downtown Alliance, since City Creek opened, downtown retail sales have increased 46 percent, retail employment increased 83 percent and downtown hotel room bookings grew by 62 percent. The retail center’s presence also contributed to an 119.7 percent rise in retail wages, 26.9 in food service wages and 74.1 percent in hotel wages.”</blockquote>		BuildingSaltLake.com<ref>Isaac Riddle, [https://www.buildingsaltlake.com/downtown-growth-numbers/ "City Creek's impact on downtown growth by the numbers,"] BuildingSaltLake.com, 17 March 2017.</ref><blockquote>“According to data from the Downtown Alliance, since City Creek opened, downtown retail sales have increased 46 percent, retail employment increased 83 percent and downtown hotel room bookings grew by 62 percent. The retail center’s presence also contributed to an 119.7 percent rise in retail wages, 26.9 in food service wages and 74.1 percent in hotel wages.”</blockquote>
	<blockquote>While there are multiple factors that have led to the current boom downtown, based on the numbers City Creek has played an important role in bringing more development downtown.		<blockquote>While there are multiple factors that have led to the current boom downtown, based on the numbers City Creek has played an important role in bringing more development downtown.

	“This is our best example of a TOD (transportation oriented development),” said Reid Ewing, professor of City and Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah. Ewing led a study looking at foot traffic downtown after City Creek opened and found that the block of Main Street between South Temple and 100 South had the highest pedestrian activity than any other block downtown. Ewing cited his vibrancy scale that measures vibrancy based on imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency and complexity as an indicator of the health of downtown, especially near City Creek. “This (City Creek Center) has it all in terms of vibrancy,” said Ewing.</blockquote>		“This is our best example of a TOD (transportation oriented development),” said Reid Ewing, professor of City and Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah. Ewing led a study looking at foot traffic downtown after City Creek opened and found that the block of Main Street between South Temple and 100 South had the highest pedestrian activity than any other block downtown. Ewing cited his vibrancy scale that measures vibrancy based on imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency and complexity as an indicator of the health of downtown, especially near City Creek. “This (City Creek Center) has it all in terms of vibrancy,” said Ewing.</blockquote>

	==Further ~~Reading~~==		==Further reading==
	===City Creek Project===		===City Creek Project===
	* The most comprehensive review of the finances involved in the City Creek Center project is available in [https://ia804502.us.archive.org/30/items/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559.55.0.pdf “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,”] ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', 10 September 2021, U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK.		* The most comprehensive review of the finances involved in the City Creek Center project is available in [https://ia804502.us.archive.org/30/items/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559.55.0.pdf “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,”] ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', 10 September 2021, U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK.
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	[[es:El Mormonismo y la integridad de la iglesia/City Creek Center Mall en Salt Lake City]]		[[es:El Mormonismo y la integridad de la iglesia/City Creek Center Mall en Salt Lake City]]
	[[pt:Mormonismo e a Integridade da Igreja/City Creek Center Mall em Salt Lake City]]		[[pt:Mormonismo e a Integridade da Igreja/City Creek Center Mall em Salt Lake City]]

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

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	* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Why did the Church get involved in a shopping center?\|Why did the Church get involved in a shopping center?]]
	* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?\|Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?]]
	* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Why would the Church put tithing into investment portfolios?\|Why would the Church put tithing into investment portfolios?]]
	* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Did the Church achieve its objectives with the City Creek Center project?\|Did the Church achieve its objectives with the City Creek Center project?]]
	* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Further Reading\|Further Reading]]
	~~</onlyinclude>~~
	==Why did the Church get involved in a shopping center?==		==Why did the Church get involved in a shopping center?==
	In early 2003, the Church announced it was purchasing a shopping mall directly south of Temple Square. Because the Church already owned a majority of the land on which the mall was built, this purchase brought the remainder under the Church’s control.<ref>[https://www.deseret.com/2003/3/19/19710627/church-to-buy-crossroads-plaza-mall "Church to buy Crossroads Plaza mall,"] ''Deseret News'', 19 March 2003.</ref> The Church did so with the purpose of revitalizing the are directly south of Temple Square because the Church had a “compelling responsibility to protect the environment of the Salt Lake Temple.”<ref>Gordon B. Hinckley, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2003/04/the-condition-of-the-church?lang=eng “The Condition of the Church,”] April 2003 general conference.</ref>		In early 2003, the Church announced it was purchasing a shopping mall directly south of Temple Square. Because the Church already owned a majority of the land on which the mall was built, this purchase brought the remainder under the Church’s control.<ref>[https://www.deseret.com/2003/3/19/19710627/church-to-buy-crossroads-plaza-mall "Church to buy Crossroads Plaza mall,"] ''Deseret News'', 19 March 2003.</ref> The Church did so with the purpose of revitalizing the are directly south of Temple Square because the Church had a “compelling responsibility to protect the environment of the Salt Lake Temple.”<ref>Gordon B. Hinckley, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2003/04/the-condition-of-the-church?lang=eng “The Condition of the Church,”] April 2003 general conference.</ref>
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	==Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?==		==Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?==
	In the April 2003 general conference, President Gordon B. Hinckley explained “tithing funds have not and will not be used to acquire this property. Nor will they be used in developing it for commercial purposes.” Instead, “funds for this have come and will come from those commercial entities owned by the Church. These resources, together with the earnings of invested reserve funds, will accommodate this program.”<ref>Gordon B. Hinckley, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2003/04/the-condition-of-the-church?lang=eng “The Condition of the Church,”] April 2003 general conference.</ref> Multiple statements were subsequently made reinforcing the fact that tithing funds would not and were not used for the development project.<ref>A compilation of statements is available in “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,” ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK~~, page 3 of 12~~.</ref>		In the April 2003 general conference, President Gordon B. Hinckley explained “tithing funds have not and will not be used to acquire this property. Nor will they be used in developing it for commercial purposes.” Instead, “funds for this have come and will come from those commercial entities owned by the Church. These resources, together with the earnings of invested reserve funds, will accommodate this program.”<ref>Gordon B. Hinckley, [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2003/04/the-condition-of-the-church?lang=eng “The Condition of the Church,”] April 2003 general conference.</ref> Multiple statements were subsequently made reinforcing the fact that tithing funds would not and were not used for the development project.<ref>A compilation of statements is available on pages 2–3 in [https://ia804502.us.archive.org/30/items/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559.55.0.pdf “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,”] ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', 10 September 2021, U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK.</ref>

	Some claims are made that tithing really was used because some of the money came from earnings on invested reserve funds, which funds were set up using tithing donations. However, financial documents have shown that only earnings on invested funds, not the original funds themselves, were used to finance the development project.<ref>A financial analysis on these redacted documents is available in “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,” ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK, pages 7–8 of 12.</ref>		Some claims are made that tithing really was used because some of the money came from earnings on invested reserve funds, which funds were set up using tithing donations. However, financial documents have shown that only earnings on invested funds, not the original funds themselves, were used to finance the development project.<ref>A financial analysis on these redacted documents is available on pages 7–8 in “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment.”</ref>

	==Why would the Church put tithing into investment portfolios?==		==Why would the Church put tithing into investment portfolios?==
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	==Further Reading==		==Further Reading==
	===City Creek Project===		===City Creek Project===
	* The most comprehensive review of the finances involved in the City Creek Center project is available in “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,” ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK.		* The most comprehensive review of the finances involved in the City Creek Center project is available in [https://ia804502.us.archive.org/30/items/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559/gov.uscourts.cacd.814559.55.0.pdf “Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment,”] ''James Huntsman v. Corporation of the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'', 10 September 2021, U.S. District Court, Central District of California, case 2:21-cv-02504-SVW-SK.

	* A history of the downtown situation in 2003 is available in [http://www.deseretnews.com/article/971223/Church-to-buy-Crossroads-Plaza-mall.html?pg=all "Church to buy Crossroads Plaza mall,"] ''Deseret News'', 19 March 2003.		* A history of the downtown situation in 2003 is available in [http://www.deseretnews.com/article/971223/Church-to-buy-Crossroads-Plaza-mall.html?pg=all "Church to buy Crossroads Plaza mall,"] ''Deseret News'', 19 March 2003.

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	* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?\|Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?]]		* [[City Creek Center in Salt Lake City#Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?\|Did the Church use tithing funds to finance the purchases and buildings?]]

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