Book of Mormon/DNA evidence/Geography issues/Haplogroup X2a - Revision history

RogerNicholson: Redirected page to Question: Is DNA Haplogroup X2a proof that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located in the Great Lakes region?

2017-04-06T16:54:49Z

Redirected page to Question: Is DNA Haplogroup X2a proof that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located in the Great Lakes region?

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	~~{{Resource Title\|The Book of Mormon, DNA and Haplogroup X2a}}~~
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	~~{{:~~Question: Is DNA Haplogroup X2a proof that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located in the Great Lakes region?}}
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RogerNicholson at 01:21, 16 May 2016

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-I've heard some members claim that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located around the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_lakes Great Lakes], and that this is supported by a mitochondrial DNA ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtdna mtDNA]) group called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA) Haplogroup X2a].  What can you tell me about this?
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GregSmith at 03:00, 4 June 2014

2014-06-04T03:00:59Z

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	* "Does [haplogroup x] provide evidence to support a pre-Columbian Israelite migration to Western hemisphere? – No."		* "Does [haplogroup x] provide evidence to support a pre-Columbian Israelite migration to Western hemisphere? – No."
	* "Some argue that X shows arrival of Lehi, etc. but this is too easy an explanation. The data seems to indicate it was from an ancient group 12,000 years ago, and Lehi's mtDNA has disappeared."{{~~ref~~\|perego.1}}		* "Some argue that X shows arrival of Lehi, etc. but this is too easy an explanation. The data seems to indicate it was from an ancient group 12,000 years ago, and Lehi's mtDNA has disappeared."<ref>Ugo Perego, "Haplogroup X in Light of Recent Book of Mormon Claims," 2009 FAIR Conference, Sandy, Utah (6 August 2009); notes in author's possession; {{link\|url=http://www.lifeongoldplates.com/2009/08/ugo-perego-halogroup-x-in-light-of.html}} (last accessed 2 December 2009). See a published article dealing with the same material: {{FR-22-1-8}}</ref>

	===Problems of dates===		===Problems of dates===
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	===Haplogroup X before Lehi===		===Haplogroup X before Lehi===

	A paleo-Indian burial site in Windover, Florida has been carbon-dated to between 6980–8120 ± 100 years ago. Human brain tissue was extracted from mummified remains, and mtDNA was sequenced. It found haplogroups A, B, C, and D—and some unidentified haplogroups. This was in 1994, and so haplogroup X had not been named and characterized. But, later reports indicate that haplogroup X was found in the sample—demonstrating that (barring modern contamination) Lehi's migration 2,600 years ago cannot be the sole original source of haplogroup X in the Americas, if it is such a source at all.{{ref~~\|florida~~.~~1}}~~ This means that haplogroup X cannot tell us anything about Lehi, since other sources for haplogroup X in the Americas exist.		A paleo-Indian burial site in Windover, Florida has been carbon-dated to between 6980–8120 ± 100 years ago. Human brain tissue was extracted from mummified remains, and mtDNA was sequenced. It found haplogroups A, B, C, and D—and some unidentified haplogroups. This was in 1994, and so haplogroup X had not been named and characterized. But, later reports indicate that haplogroup X was found in the sample—demonstrating that (barring modern contamination) Lehi's migration 2,600 years ago cannot be the sole original source of haplogroup X in the Americas, if it is such a source at all.<ref>WW Hauswirth et al., "Inter-and Intrapopulation Studies of Ancient Humans," ''Experientia'' 50 (1994): 585–591; Peter Forster et al., "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914796/pdf/ajhg00023-0194.pdf Origin and Evolution of Native American mtDNA Variation: A Reappraisal]," ''American Journal of Human Genetics'' 59/4 (October 1996): 939; Jason A. Eshleman et al., "Mitochondrial DNA Studies of Native Americans: Conceptions and Misconceptions of the Population Prehistory of the Americas," ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 12 (2003): 13.</ref> This means that haplogroup X cannot tell us anything about Lehi, since other sources for haplogroup X in the Americas exist.

	===New data casts multiple founding theory in question===		===New data casts multiple founding theory in question===
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	:...the differential pattern of distribution and frequency of haplogroup X led some to suggest that it may represent an independent migration to the Americas. Here we show, by using 86 complete mitochondrial genomes, that all Native American haplogroups, including haplogroup X, were part of a single founding population, thereby refuting multiple-migration models.		:...the differential pattern of distribution and frequency of haplogroup X led some to suggest that it may represent an independent migration to the Americas. Here we show, by using 86 complete mitochondrial genomes, that all Native American haplogroups, including haplogroup X, were part of a single founding population, thereby refuting multiple-migration models.

	:Our results strongly support the hypothesis that haplogroup X, together with the other four main mtDNA haplogroups, was part of the gene pool of a '''single Native American founding population'''; therefore they do not support models that propose haplogroup-independent migrations, such as the migration from Europe posed by the Solutrean hypothesis. (emphasis added){{ref~~\|feb2008}}~~		:Our results strongly support the hypothesis that haplogroup X, together with the other four main mtDNA haplogroups, was part of the gene pool of a '''single Native American founding population'''; therefore they do not support models that propose haplogroup-independent migrations, such as the migration from Europe posed by the Solutrean hypothesis. (emphasis added)<ref>Nelson J.R. Fagundes, Ricardo Kanitz, et al., "[http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(08)00139-0# Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'' 82/3 (28 February 2008): 583-592.</ref>

	This remains an active area of research, but it would not be accurate to claim that current science provides a model of these matters which allows haplogroup X to support the Book of Mormon.		This remains an active area of research, but it would not be accurate to claim that current science provides a model of these matters which allows haplogroup X to support the Book of Mormon.
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	==~~{{Endnotes label}}~~==		== ==
	#{{note\|perego.1}} Ugo Perego, "Haplogroup X in Light of Recent Book of Mormon Claims," 2009 FAIR Conference, Sandy, Utah (6 August 2009); notes in author's possession; {{link\|url=http://www.lifeongoldplates.com/2009/08/ugo-perego-halogroup-x-in-light-of.html}} (last accessed 2 December 2009). See a published article dealing with the same material: {{FR-22-1-8}}		{{Endnotes label}}
	~~#{{note\|florida.1~~}} WW Hauswirth et al., "Inter-and Intrapopulation Studies of Ancient Humans," ''Experientia'' 50 (1994): 585–591; Peter Forster et al., "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914796/pdf/ajhg00023-0194.pdf Origin and Evolution of Native American mtDNA Variation: A Reappraisal]," ''American Journal of Human Genetics'' 59/4 (October 1996): 939; Jason A. Eshleman et al., "Mitochondrial DNA Studies of Native Americans: Conceptions and Misconceptions of the Population Prehistory of the Americas," ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 12 (2003): 13.		<references />
	#{{note\|feb2008}} Nelson J.R. Fagundes, Ricardo Kanitz, et al., "[http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(08)00139-0# Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'' 82/~~3 (28 February 2008): 583-592.~~

	=={{~~Further reading label~~}}==		{{FurtherReading}}

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GregSmith at 02:58, 4 June 2014

2014-06-04T02:58:57Z

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	I've heard some members claim that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located around the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_lakes Great Lakes], and that this is supported by a mitochondrial DNA ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtdna mtDNA]) group called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA) Haplogroup X2a]. What can you tell me about this?		I've heard some members claim that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located around the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_lakes Great Lakes], and that this is supported by a mitochondrial DNA ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtdna mtDNA]) group called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA) Haplogroup X2a]. What can you tell me about this?

	~~===Source(s) of claim===~~		{{CriticalSources}}
	* {{MeldrumDVD1}}
	*{{~~CriticalWork:Porter Meldrum:Prophecies and Promises\|pages=119–186, 206~~}}
	*{{CriticalWork:Meldrum:Recovering the Remnant\|pages=1–170}}

	== ==		== ==

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	== ==		== ==
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	''An additional argument for a Great Lakes setting is made on textual grounds.''		''An additional argument for a Great Lakes setting is made on textual grounds.''

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 This remains an active area of research, but it would not be accurate to claim that current science provides a model of these matters which allows haplogroup X to support the Book of Mormon.
 ==Best articles to read next==

RogerNicholson: mod

2013-09-18T02:49:45Z

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	I've heard some members claim that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located around the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_lakes Great Lakes], and that this is supported by a mitochondrial DNA ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtdna mtDNA]) group called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA) Haplogroup X2a]. What can you tell me about this?		I've heard some members claim that the Book of Mormon fits best in a geography located around the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_lakes Great Lakes], and that this is supported by a mitochondrial DNA ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtdna mtDNA]) group called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_X_(mtDNA) Haplogroup X2a]. What can you tell me about this?
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	*{{CriticalWork:Meldrum:Recovering the Remnant\|pages=1–170}}		*{{CriticalWork:Meldrum:Recovering the Remnant\|pages=1–170}}

	=={{~~Answer~~ label}}==		== ==
			{{Response label}}==

	''An additional argument for a Great Lakes setting is made on textual grounds.''		''An additional argument for a Great Lakes setting is made on textual grounds.''
	{{SeeAlso\|Book_of_Mormon_geography:New_World:Great_Lakes_geography\|l1=Great Lakes setting}}		{{SeeAlso\|Book_of_Mormon_geography:New_World:Great_Lakes_geography\|l1=Great Lakes setting}}

	While ~~FAIR~~ applauds the efforts of Latter-day Saints to defend the Book of Mormon against critics' attacks, at present we feel unable to endorse this idea as persuasive evidence for the Book of Mormon's antiquity.		While FairMormon applauds the efforts of Latter-day Saints to defend the Book of Mormon against critics' attacks, at present we feel unable to endorse this idea as persuasive evidence for the Book of Mormon's antiquity.

	~~FAIR~~ and outside experts have examined the views of some enthusiasts on this point. The proponents' goal is to support the Book of Mormon with DNA by tracking mtDNA haplogroup X among native Americans.		FairMormon and outside experts have examined the views of some enthusiasts on this point. The proponents' goal is to support the Book of Mormon with DNA by tracking mtDNA haplogroup X among native Americans.

	The theory postulates that haplogroup X comes from the Levant (i.e., Israel/Palestine), and then reaches Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and Western New York with the Lehi colony. Proponents of this model argue, then, that this group actually sailed around Africa and up through the South Atlantic and into the Gulf of Mexico. They then have them landing in what is now Louisiana.		The theory postulates that haplogroup X comes from the Levant (i.e., Israel/Palestine), and then reaches Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and Western New York with the Lehi colony. Proponents of this model argue, then, that this group actually sailed around Africa and up through the South Atlantic and into the Gulf of Mexico. They then have them landing in what is now Louisiana.

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GregSmith: /* {{Endnotes label}} */

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	=={{Endnotes label}}==		=={{Endnotes label}}==
	#{{note\|perego.1}} Ugo Perego, "Haplogroup X in Light of Recent Book of Mormon Claims," 2009 FAIR Conference, Sandy, Utah (6 August 2009); notes in author's possession; {{link\|url=http://www.lifeongoldplates.com/2009/08/ugo-perego-halogroup-x-in-light-of.html}} (last accessed 2 December 2009).		#{{note\|perego.1}} Ugo Perego, "Haplogroup X in Light of Recent Book of Mormon Claims," 2009 FAIR Conference, Sandy, Utah (6 August 2009); notes in author's possession; {{link\|url=http://www.lifeongoldplates.com/2009/08/ugo-perego-halogroup-x-in-light-of.html}} (last accessed 2 December 2009). See a published article dealing with the same material: {{FR-22-1-8}}
	#{{note\|florida.1}} WW Hauswirth et al., "Inter-and Intrapopulation Studies of Ancient Humans," ''Experientia'' 50 (1994): 585–591; Peter Forster et al., "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914796/pdf/ajhg00023-0194.pdf Origin and Evolution of Native American mtDNA Variation: A Reappraisal]," ''American Journal of Human Genetics'' 59/4 (October 1996): 939; Jason A. Eshleman et al., "Mitochondrial DNA Studies of Native Americans: Conceptions and Misconceptions of the Population Prehistory of the Americas," ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 12 (2003): 13.		#{{note\|florida.1}} WW Hauswirth et al., "Inter-and Intrapopulation Studies of Ancient Humans," ''Experientia'' 50 (1994): 585–591; Peter Forster et al., "[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914796/pdf/ajhg00023-0194.pdf Origin and Evolution of Native American mtDNA Variation: A Reappraisal]," ''American Journal of Human Genetics'' 59/4 (October 1996): 939; Jason A. Eshleman et al., "Mitochondrial DNA Studies of Native Americans: Conceptions and Misconceptions of the Population Prehistory of the Americas," ''Evolutionary Anthropology'' 12 (2003): 13.
	#{{note\|feb2008}} Nelson J.R. Fagundes, Ricardo Kanitz, et al., "[http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(08)00139-0# Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'' 82/3 (28 February 2008): 583-592.		#{{note\|feb2008}} Nelson J.R. Fagundes, Ricardo Kanitz, et al., "[http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(08)00139-0# Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas]," ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'' 82/3 (28 February 2008): 583-592.

GregSmith: /* Best articles to read next */

2012-01-18T00:20:15Z

Best articles to read next

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